Code Converter

Convert this code from [source language] to [target language]. Ensure: 1. **Functionality**: Exact same behavior 2. **Idioms**: Use target language conventions 3. **Types**: Proper type handling 4. **Dependencies**: Note any library changes needed 5. **Gotchas**: Highlight behavior differences between languages Provide complete, runnable code with imports. Add comments where the conversion is non-trivial.